{"id":5511,"date":"2020-01-18T07:19:38","date_gmt":"2020-01-18T07:19:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kaysuns.com\/?p=5511"},"modified":"2025-07-01T06:36:53","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T06:36:53","slug":"o-papel-de-varios-elementos-no-aco-inoxidavel","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.kaysuns.com\/pt\/blog\/o-papel-de-varios-elementos-no-aco-inoxidavel\/","title":{"rendered":"O papel de v\u00e1rios elementos em a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel"},"content":{"rendered":"

Efeitos e efeitos de v\u00e1rios elementos nas propriedades e estrutura do a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel<\/h2>\n
\"Tabela<\/a>
Tabela peri\u00f3dica<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Existem mais de 100 elementos qu\u00edmicos atualmente conhecidos e cerca de vinte elementos qu\u00edmicos podem ser encontrados em materiais de a\u00e7o comumente usados na ind\u00fastria.<\/p>\n

Para a s\u00e9rie de a\u00e7o especial de a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel, que \u00e9 formada pela luta de longo prazo das pessoas contra a corros\u00e3o, h\u00e1 mais de uma d\u00fazia de elementos comuns. Al\u00e9m do elemento b\u00e1sico ferro, que comp\u00f5e o a\u00e7o, ele tem a maior influ\u00eancia sobre o desempenho e a organiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos elementos do a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel: carbono, cromo, n\u00edquel, mangan\u00eas e sil\u00edcio, molibd\u00eanio<\/a>, tit\u00e2nio, ni\u00f3bio, tit\u00e2nio, mangan\u00eas, nitrog\u00eanio, cobre, cobalto, etc.<\/p>\n

1. O papel decisivo do cromo no a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel: At\u00e9 hoje, n\u00e3o existe a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel sem cromo. A raz\u00e3o pela qual o cromo se tornou o principal elemento que determina o desempenho do a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel \u00e9 que a adi\u00e7\u00e3o de cromo como elemento de liga ao a\u00e7o promoveu seu movimento contradit\u00f3rio para o desenvolvimento de resist\u00eancia aos danos da corros\u00e3o.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9m podemos dizer: n\u00e3o tubo de a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel<\/a> no mundo \u00e9 livre de cromo<\/p>\n

Essa mudan\u00e7a pode ser explicada das seguintes maneiras:
\nI. O cromo aumenta o potencial do eletrodo da solu\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00f3lida \u00e0 base de ferro
\nII. O cromo absorve os el\u00e9trons do ferro para torn\u00e1-lo passivo. O fen\u00f4meno de que a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o de metais e ligas \u00e9 melhorada devido \u00e0 preven\u00e7\u00e3o da rea\u00e7\u00e3o an\u00f3dica. Existem muitas teorias de passiva\u00e7\u00e3o de metais e ligas, incluindo principalmente a teoria do filme, a teoria da adsor\u00e7\u00e3o e a teoria do arranjo de el\u00e9trons.<\/p>\n

2. O papel do n\u00edquel no a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel \u00e9 somente depois de combinado com o cromo. O n\u00edquel \u00e9 um excelente material resistente \u00e0 corros\u00e3o e um importante elemento de liga para a\u00e7os-liga.<\/strong><\/p>\n

O n\u00edquel \u00e9 um elemento formador de austenita no a\u00e7o, mas para obter uma estrutura austen\u00edtica pura, os a\u00e7os com baixo teor de carbono devem conter n\u00edquel 24%; e apenas o n\u00edquel 27% pode tornar o a\u00e7o resistente a certos meios O desempenho de corros\u00e3o mudou significativamente. Portanto, o n\u00edquel n\u00e3o pode constituir apenas a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel. No entanto, quando o n\u00edquel e o cromo est\u00e3o presentes no a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel ao mesmo tempo, o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel contendo n\u00edquel tem muitas propriedades valiosas.<\/p>\n

III. O mangan\u00eas e o nitrog\u00eanio podem substituir as vantagens dos a\u00e7os austen\u00edticos de n\u00edquel-cromo-n\u00edquel em a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis cromo-n\u00edquel, mas nas \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas, devido ao grande n\u00famero de desenvolvimentos e aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de ligas resistentes ao calor \u00e0 base de n\u00edquel e a\u00e7os resistentes ao calor contendo menos de n\u00edquel 20%, Como a ind\u00fastria qu\u00edmica est\u00e1 crescendo, a demanda por a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel est\u00e1 aumentando e a quantidade de dep\u00f3sitos de n\u00edquel \u00e9 pequena e concentrada em algumas regi\u00f5es. Portanto, a contradi\u00e7\u00e3o entre oferta e demanda de n\u00edquel ocorre em todo o mundo. Portanto, nos campos de a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel e muitas outras ligas (como a\u00e7o para grandes fundidos e forjados, a\u00e7o ferramenta, a\u00e7o resistente ao calor, etc.), especialmente em pa\u00edses onde os recursos de n\u00edquel s\u00e3o relativamente escassos, a ci\u00eancia da conserva\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00edquel e a substitui\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00edquel por outros elementos tem sido amplamente desenvolvida. Pr\u00e1tica de pesquisa e produ\u00e7\u00e3o. Nesse aspecto, mais pesquisas e aplica\u00e7\u00f5es visam substituir o mangan\u00eas e o nitrog\u00eanio por n\u00edquel em a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel e a\u00e7o resistente ao calor.<\/p>\n

4. Muitas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o para substituir o mangan\u00eas e o nitrog\u00eanio por n\u00edquel em a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel e a\u00e7o resistente ao calor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Em termos de melhoria da resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o do a\u00e7o, o mangan\u00eas tem pouco efeito. Por exemplo, o conte\u00fado de mangan\u00eas no a\u00e7o muda de 0 para 10,4%, o que n\u00e3o muda a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o do a\u00e7o no ar e no \u00e1cido. Isso ocorre porque o mangan\u00eas tem pouco efeito no aumento do potencial do eletrodo da solu\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00f3lida \u00e0 base de ferro, e o efeito protetor do filme de \u00f3xido formado tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 baixo. Portanto, embora existam a\u00e7os austen\u00edticos (como a\u00e7o 40Mn18Cr4, 50Mn18Cr4WN, ZGMn13) ligados com mangan\u00eas na ind\u00fastria etc.), eles n\u00e3o podem ser usados como a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n

O efeito do mangan\u00eas na estabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o da austenita no a\u00e7o \u00e9 cerca da metade daquele do n\u00edquel, ou seja, o papel do nitrog\u00eanio 2% na estabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o da austenita no a\u00e7o tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 maior do que o do n\u00edquel. Por exemplo, se o a\u00e7o contendo cromo 18% for necess\u00e1rio para obter uma estrutura de austenita \u00e0 temperatura ambiente, a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis de baixo n\u00edquel com mangan\u00eas e n\u00edquel substitu\u00eddo com nitrog\u00eanio e a\u00e7os n\u00e3o ligados cromo-mangan\u00eas-nitrog\u00eanio t\u00eam sido usados na ind\u00fastria. Alguns substitu\u00edram com sucesso o cl\u00e1ssico a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel 18-8 cromo-n\u00edquel.<\/p>\n

V. O tit\u00e2nio ou ni\u00f3bio \u00e9 adicionado ao a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel para evitar corros\u00e3o intergranular<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

VI. O molibd\u00eanio e o cobre podem melhorar a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o de alguns a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis.<\/strong><\/p>\n

VII. Influ\u00eancia de outros elementos nas propriedades e estrutura do a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel<\/strong><\/p>\n

Os efeitos dos elementos principais acima no desempenho e na estrutura do a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel. Al\u00e9m dos elementos que t\u00eam um maior efeito no desempenho e na estrutura do a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel, o a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel tamb\u00e9m cont\u00e9m alguns outros elementos.<\/p>\n

Alguns s\u00e3o iguais aos a\u00e7os comuns, como sil\u00edcio, enxofre, f\u00f3sforo, etc. Alguns s\u00e3o adicionados para alguns fins espec\u00edficos, como cobalto, boro, sel\u00eanio, elementos de terras raras e assim por diante. Pela natureza principal da resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o do a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel, esses elementos s\u00e3o aspectos n\u00e3o principais em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos nove elementos discutidos. No entanto, eles n\u00e3o podem ser completamente ignorados porque seu desempenho e organiza\u00e7\u00e3o do a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel tamb\u00e9m ocorrem. influ\u00eancias.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":5512,"template":"","categories":[186],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5511","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-stainless-steel-knowledge"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Role Of Various Elements In Stainless Steel - Stainless Steel Pipe and Fittings | KAYSUNS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kaysuns.com\/pt\/blog\/o-papel-de-varios-elementos-no-aco-inoxidavel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Role Of Various Elements In Stainless Steel - Stainless Steel Pipe and Fittings | KAYSUNS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Effects and effects of various elements on the properties and structure of stainless steel There are more than 100 chemical elements currently known, and about twenty chemical elements can be encountered in steel materials commonly used in the industry. 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