{"id":6095,"date":"2020-06-10T07:14:07","date_gmt":"2020-06-10T07:14:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kaysuns.com\/?p=6095"},"modified":"2025-07-10T06:29:37","modified_gmt":"2025-07-10T06:29:37","slug":"por-que-hay-algunos-aceros-inoxidables-con-grado-l-h","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.kaysuns.com\/es\/blog\/por-que-hay-algunos-aceros-inoxidables-con-grado-l-h\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 son el acero inoxidable H y L?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Los grados austen\u00edticos son aquellas aleaciones com\u00fanmente utilizadas en aplicaciones de acero inoxidable. El acero inoxidable austen\u00edtico no es magn\u00e9tico. La aleaci\u00f3n austen\u00edtica m\u00e1s com\u00fan es el acero de hierro-cromo-n\u00edquel, ampliamente conocido como la serie 300.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Debido al alto contenido de cromo y n\u00edquel, los tubos de acero inoxidable austen\u00edtico son los m\u00e1s resistentes a la corrosi\u00f3n en el grupo de los aceros inoxidables, proporcionando propiedades mec\u00e1nicas excepcionalmente buenas. No pueden endurecerse mediante tratamiento t\u00e9rmico, pero pueden endurecerse significativamente mediante trabajo en fr\u00edo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grado recto<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los grados rectos de tubos de acero inoxidable austen\u00edtico<\/a> contienen hasta 0.08% de carbono. Existe la idea err\u00f3nea de que el acero de grado puro contiene al menos 0.035% de carbono, pero la especificaci\u00f3n no lo requiere. Siempre que el material cumpla con los requisitos f\u00edsicos de grado puro, no existe un requisito m\u00ednimo de carbono.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Grado \"L<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El grado \"L\" se utiliza para proporcionar una resistencia adicional a la corrosi\u00f3n despu\u00e9s de la soldadura. La letra \"L\" despu\u00e9s del tuber\u00eda de acero inoxidable<\/a> tipo indica bajo carbono (por ejemplo, 304L). Mantenga el carbono a 0,035% o menos para evitar la precipitaci\u00f3n de carburos. El carbono en el acero se precipitar\u00e1 cuando se caliente a una temperatura cr\u00edtica de 800\u00b0F a 1600\u00b0F, se combinar\u00e1 con el cromo y se acumular\u00e1 en los l\u00edmites del grano. Esto elimina el cromo de la soluci\u00f3n del acero y favorece la corrosi\u00f3n cerca de los l\u00edmites del grano. Al controlar la cantidad de carbono, esto se minimiza. Para la soldabilidad, utilice el grado \"L\". Quiz\u00e1 se pregunte por qu\u00e9 no todos los aceros inoxidables son de grado L.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hay dos razones:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El grado \"L\" es m\u00e1s caro;
El carbono tiene una alta resistencia f\u00edsica a altas temperaturas;
Cuanto mayor sea el contenido de carbono, mayor ser\u00e1 el l\u00edmite el\u00e1stico.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"tubo<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Los trenes de laminaci\u00f3n suelen comprar materias primas de grado \"L\", pero especifican las propiedades f\u00edsicas de los grados rectos para mantener la resistencia de los mismos. La torta tambi\u00e9n se calienta. De este modo, el material ha obtenido la doble certificaci\u00f3n 304\/304L; 316\/316L y otros grados \"H<\/p>\n\n\n\n

los \"Grado \"H<\/strong> El contenido de carbono es de al menos 0,04% y el contenido m\u00e1ximo de carbono es de 0,10%, que se indica con la letra \"H\" despu\u00e9s de la aleaci\u00f3n. La gente requiere principalmente el grado \"H\", porque el material se utilizar\u00e1 a temperaturas extremas, ya que el mayor contenido de carbono ayuda al material a mantener la resistencia a temperaturas extremas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es posible que escuche el t\u00e9rmino \"recocido por disoluci\u00f3n\". Esto significa que s\u00f3lo los carburos que pueden haber precipitado (o desplazado) el l\u00edmite del grano se vuelven a disolver (dispersar) en la matriz met\u00e1lica mediante el proceso de recocido. Si no es posible el recocido despu\u00e9s de la soldadura, se utiliza el grado \"L\", por ejemplo en el campo de la soldadura de tuber\u00edas y accesorios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Tipo 304<\/strong><\/td>El m\u00e1s com\u00fan de los grados austen\u00edticos, que contiene aproximadamente cromo 18% y n\u00edquel 8%. Se utiliza para equipos de procesamiento qu\u00edmico, para las industrias de alimentos, l\u00e1cteos y bebidas, para intercambiadores de calor y para los productos qu\u00edmicos m\u00e1s suaves. <\/td><\/tr>
Tipo 316<\/strong><\/td>Contiene 16% a 18% de cromo y 11% a 14% de n\u00edquel. Tambi\u00e9n tiene molibdeno<\/a> a\u00f1adido al n\u00edquel y al cromo del 304. El molibdeno se utiliza para controlar el ataque de tipo picadura. El tipo 316 se utiliza en procesos qu\u00edmicos, en la industria del papel y la pasta de papel, en la elaboraci\u00f3n y distribuci\u00f3n de alimentos y bebidas y en la industria alimentaria. ambientes corrosivos<\/a>. El molibdeno debe ser de un m\u00ednimo de 2%. <\/td><\/tr>
Tipo 317<\/strong><\/td>Contiene un porcentaje de molibdeno superior al 316 para entornos altamente corrosivos. Debe tener un m\u00ednimo de 3% \u201cmoly\u201d. A menudo se utiliza en pilas que contienen depuradores. <\/td><\/tr>
Escribe 317L<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\n Restringe el contenido m\u00e1ximo de carbono a 0.030% m\u00e1x. y silicio a 0,75% m\u00e1x. para mayor resistencia a la corrosi\u00f3n. <\/td><\/tr>
Tipo 317LM<\/strong><\/td>Requiere un contenido de molibdeno de 4.00% min. <\/td><\/tr>
Tipo 317LMN<\/strong><\/td>Requiere un contenido de molibdeno de 4.00% min. y nitr\u00f3geno de .15% min. <\/td><\/tr>
Escribe 321<\/u>
Escribe 347<\/u> <\/strong><\/td>		Estos tipos se han desarrollado para resistir a la corrosi\u00f3n por exposici\u00f3n intermitente repetida a temperaturas superiores a 800 grados F. El tipo 321 se fabrica mediante la adici\u00f3n de titanio y el tipo 347 se fabrica mediante la adici\u00f3n de tantalio \/ columbio. Estos grados se utilizan principalmente en la industria aeron\u00e1utica. <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\nPuede que tambi\u00e9n quiera leer:\nSignificado de las letras tras los grados de acero inoxidable<\/a>","protected":false},"featured_media":6097,"template":"","categories":[186],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6095","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-stainless-steel-knowledge"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat Are H and L Stainless Steel - Duplex Pipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The "L" grade is used to provide additional corrosion resistance after welding. 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